No, the caduceus was around in Ancient Greece, it was prominant with Aesclepius(sp?)
Nope, the rod of Asclepius only has one snake, and is never winged. The Caduceus (gk. Kerykeion) may or may not be winged, and has two serpents.
Early kerykeia ressembled (as others have said) a broken figure-eight. Some had wings and ribbons; later ones, wings and snakes. Earliest forms were more a forked golden twig.
But serpent or serpent and wings rods/wands/staffs show up earlier and in other cultures throughout the Mediterranean/Near East.